What system translates an IP address into a human-readable domain name?

The DNS server, or Domain Name System server, is responsible for translating IP addresses, which are numerical labels assigned to devices on a network, into human-readable domain names. This process is essential because while computers communicate using IP addresses, these addresses are not easy for people to remember. The DNS server acts like a phone book for the internet, enabling users to access websites through familiar names like www.example.com instead of having to remember complex strings of numbers associated with those websites.

To give further context, an HTTP server manages requests for web content but does not perform the translation of IP addresses. An FTP client is used to transfer files over the internet, and a web browser allows users to navigate the web, but neither of these functions relates to the conversion of IP addresses to domain names. Therefore, the DNS server is the correct answer as it fulfills the specific role of handling this translation, making web access more user-friendly.